Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insect spray Makemikari iwayo anoitirwa kuuraya tumbuyu twunogona kukuvadza. Imidacloprid inouraya nekurwisa tsinga dzetsinga, dzichivauraya nekukurumidza. Kushandiswa kwemushonga wezvipembenene uyu kunozivikanwa nevanhu kusvika pari zvino kwemakore anodarika makumi maviri – wave kushandiswa seimwe yemishonga yekupfapfaidza tumbuyu zvikuru pasi rose. Inonyanya kufarirwa nevarimi nevarimi vanoishandisa kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvavo kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzezvipembenene.
Imidacloprid inoshanda zvinoshamisa mukuparadza twumbuyu- hove, mujuru uye zvipembenene kutaura zvishoma. Kana zvikasadzorwa, zvipembenene izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mubindu nekukanganisa zvakanyanya hutano hwezvirimwa. Imidacloprid chinhu chikuru mukati sezvo inogara kwenguva refu. Chokwadi ichi chete chinoreva kuti chinogona kuchengetedza zvirimwa kwemavhiki, dzimwe nguva kunyange mwedzi. Sezvo iine hafu yeupenyu hwakareba, izvi zvinoderedza kuwanda kwekupfapfaidza kunodiwa nevarimi. Iwe unenge uchivachengetera nguva nemari, varimi vekudya vanonyanya kuda izvi.
Asi sezvazvinogona kunge zviri nyore seimidacloprid, pane zvinonetsa maererano nekushandiswa kwayo (Fig. Dambudziko rechipiri guru nderekuti rinogona kukuvadza zvipembenene zvinobatsira zvakare, senyuchi nemashavishavi. Zvipembenene zvakadai izvi zvakakosha pakusvibisa uye hutano hwese hwe ecosystem. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakaipa uye zvese nekuti izvi zvinoreva kuti ine dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza Inguva yakareba njodzi ndeyekuti imidacloprid bio-inounganidza muvhu nemvura, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kunogona kuitika nekufamba kwenguva. kune ecosystem yenzvimbo Masayendisiti achiri kushanda kuti anzwisise chiitiko ichi.
Iko mukana wekuti imidacloprid ive yakachengeteka mune ecosystems inopokana zvakanyanya. Inogona kukuvadza nyuchi uye mamwe mapollinator pamutengo wakaderera wekemikari, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakawana. Zvisinei, imidacloprid haina kukuvadza zvakanyanya mune zvimwe zvidzidzo. Imidacloprid mhedzisiro pane Zvakatipoteredza Migumisiro yenguva refu yekushandisa imidacloprids ichiri kuedza kunzwisiswa zvitsva zvinowanikwa uye maonero akasiyana anobva kumasayendisiti. Uyu mubvunzo wakakosha kuti urambe uchishanda kuitira kuti tigone kuona kuti chii chichashanda pakugadzirwa kwemiti uye kune zvakasikwa, zvakare.
Imidacloprid yanga iri pakati peimwe yemakakatanwa anotyisa kana zvasvika pakukanganisa kwayo nyuchi nemashavishavi, ese ari maviri mapollinator. Kunyange zvazvo vaverengi vangawana maitiro ezvimwe zvipembenene zvishoma pane akanaka, anokosha sezvo achisvibisa michero yakawanda nemiriwo. Nekudaro, zviri pachena kuti mishonga yezvipembenene senge imidacloprid inogona kukanganisa zvipembenene izvi zvinobatsira mune yakaderera dosi zvakare. Kune avo vedu vanokoshesa zvakatipoteredza uye kurima kwakanaka, ichi chikonzero chekunetseka.
Pamusana pezvinetswa izvi, dzimwe nyika dzakasarudza kurambidza kushandiswa kwemidacloprid uye mamwe neonicotinoid insecticides; seFrance (France inorambidza mushonga wezvipembenene Syngenta une chinongedzo chekukuvadza nyuchi), Canada. Kwete chete pamusoro pekuti makemikari aya ari kukuvadza sei mapollinator uye zvakatipoteredza zvakazara. Sezvineiwo, dzimwe nyika dzakaita seUnited States dzave dzakanyanya kutarisisa. Vakamisa nguva uye nzira dzekushandisa mishonga iyi kuitira kuti varimi varambe vachichengetedza zvirimwa zvavo asi vachiziva kuti zvinogona kuzoitika.
Mukuwedzera, vatsvakurudzi vari kuongorora matekinoroji matsva. Semuyenzaniso, imwe pfungwa yekuda chinzvimbo - zvirimwa zvakagadziridzwa genetically (GM) zvine kurwisa tumbuyu. Zvirimwa zviri kutaurwa zvinokwanisa kuzvidzivirira kune tsikidzi, saka mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogona kushandiswa shoma. Chinoti wedzerei hunyanzvi ndiko kushandiswa kwemadrone anogona kuongorora nekuona tumbuyu muminda. Tekinoroji iyi inoguma nekusimbaradzwa kwekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene uye inoita kuti zvikwanise kunangana nenzvimbo ine tupukanana zvichikonzera kuti varimi vasanyanya kushandiswa kwemishonga. Asi isu tinofanirwa kuramba tichiisa mari mukutsvagisa uye hunyanzvi, kuti mishonga yezvipembenene ishandiswe zvakachengeteka pazvirimwa asi ichiramba yakagadzikana mune ramangwana.
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